Armenian Genocide protesters, with two different numbers for casualties. This picture shows a clear misunderstanding of Armenians on the number of Armenian casualties. The reason for this, is that Ottomans created census based on religion not ethnicity, so determining the amount of Armenian dead is difficult, especially due to migration and heavy movement of the Armenian population during the time. Most historians say somewhere between 400,000-700,000 Armenians died. However, the Turks died in great numbers as well: 2.9 million Turks (700,000 military) died during World War One. It's difficult to determine who was or wasn't part of the Armenian military at this time, hence we cannot differentiate whether the ~600,000 Armenian deaths are of rebel KIA or civilian deaths.