Armenians are a proud people, and if you aren't Turkish and you don't deny their unproven genocide, they are also a very friendly people. I've met many Armenians over the years, since I am American, they are extremely friendly to me, and for that reason, I do not discuss this topic with them. That is of course, until they google my name and read some of my articles that disagree with the notion of an Armenian Genocide. After which, they will either disassociate themselves with me, or they will come by and either try to convince me or argue with me. I'm sure many of you, no matter where you are from, have encountered Armenians who try to convince you of the genocide.
The reason they try to convince you, is because of their nationalism, this is not a negative trait, it's just the way they were raised and they are proud of working together with other Armenians to convince the world of their genocide. This is how the Armenian Revolutionary Federation saves its face, otherwise they would have to finally admit after 94 years, that they indeed lost World War I to the Central Power, Ottoman forces. They would have to admit that the Allies really did betray them and left them without reinforcements and all their efforts to sabotage the Ottoman war effort would be gone. The Russian and British promise of a Greater Armenia was broken, they were left with a tiny country and they had no economy and many refugees that were starving in their land-locked nation.
Due to human nature, they had to find someone to blame. They tried to blame the Russians and the rest of the Allies, but it didn't help, no one listened, no one cared. However, when the ARF decided to blame the Ottoman Turks, enemies of the Turks, joined in the blame game, because they all had grudges against the Turks. The British had lost 2 significant battles to the Turks, and they lost the Turkish Independence war, giving the new nation Turkey its own land. The Greeks had lost all of Western Anatolia to the Turks during this war. The French lost all of South-Eastern Anatolia to the Turks. The Russians were creating the Soviet Empire and they were no longer interested in Anatolia, but they too felt betrayed by the Turks who accepted their gifts of weapons but did not convert to communism. Although the Allies had won World War I, in the Turkish independence war, they had lost, and they did not like the Turks.
The Armenian Genocide concept, started after this Turkish independence war. It didn't gain traction until the 1950s and 1960s through widespread propaganda by Armenian communities around the world. This is why the founder of Turkey, Ataturk, has never made any comments about the Armenian Genocide or the accusation of any genocide, because such accusations did not exist when he was alive.
Two Armenians in different times tried to convince me of the genocide. One of them, talked about how his grandmother's husband and children were killed. However, said that she was forced to walk all the way to Syria. As a skeptic, I asked why anyone would kill a family, and then let one of them escape scratch free to Syria, which he could not answer (the reason being, the story was fabricated). When I asked him why then there is no evidence that Talat Pasha, one of the leaders of the Ottoman Empire, had no telegrams ordering genocide, he replied "Why would Talat Pasha leave evidence of his own crimes?"
Another Armenian, tried to convince me by telling me how Talat Pasha wrote a "Black Book" (funny), detailing how he committed the genocide and references "Ottoman documents, not allowed to be seen in the Ottoman Archives today." That was funny because the previous Armenian was telling me Talat Pasha left no evidence of his crime and now he's written a whole black book detailing his crimes, very interesting, very improbable.
When I asked where I can have a copy of this black book, he could not produce it, said that it was sold in various places in different countries. Later, I found out, that he apparently, learned about this black book from some Armenian forum. Again, rumors.
This was similar to the one time where I read a Reader's Digest article hilariously entitled "Why I hate the Turks" -- The Armenian that wrote it, discussed how this very old Armenian described a story of how, he and his family and all of his fellow villagers were trapped in a church, and the "evil Turks" used wood to cover up the windows, and then poured kerosene everywhere and lit the church on fire. He told about how he cried with his family and told them they'd be together again in heaven. Then the story cut off--- huh?? -- How did he escape then? Apparently, that miraculous detail was classified. My suspicion is that he was an ARF member who was the one burning Muslim families in a Mosque, and just twisted the story and made himself the victim, I have no proof, but then again, he doesn't have any proof of his story either.
The writer wrote another story about when this old Armenian man, was only 13, "Turkish and Kurdish marauders" came and attacked his village on horseback. I said "Interesting, never knew Turks and Kurds ever worked together" (because they never did, it was more likely they were all Kurdish, but alas, they always want to put the blame on Turks rather than the real killers). The attackers apparently, killed many villagers, and stabbed the boy with a bayonet and then "stole his clothes" (a grown man stole a child's clothes, very interesting). Wait wait, I missed something, a 13 year old boy was stabbed with a bayonet back in 1915, and somehow survived such a wound in a time where there weren't even any hospitals in most villages? Lies.
This is the problem. We need to apply our logic when listening to these eye-witness stories. Even an American Consul in 1915, once said that "These Orientals, they can't help but exaggerate every story" about the Kurds and Armenians.
These stories to Armenians, are a mission, a nationalistic goal, to convince everyone of a genocide, because they cannot admit the losses they suffered in World War I, were the fault of the ARF, a terrorist organization that sided with the Allies and killed, Armenians, Kurds, and Turks, alike who opposed them.
That is the most stupidist thing i have ever heard. The Armenian Genocide was very real and that is why today, you hardly hear of it. All that the world has to hide is not spoken about, but if the Holocaust of Jews was real, then how could this not be real. Your a crazy person if you could ever think anything different!!
If we can't blame the Turks for the death of approximately of 1.5 million Armenians then we are forced to blame Britain and France for deciding to punish Germany and Austria-Hungary only. America's president during the time, Woodrow Wilson, decided to set the Fourteen Points which in point 12 stated "The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development..." which in turn were supposed to help out the Greeks, Armenians, and I believe the Assyrians from their Genocide. Unfortunately, David Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau refused to use the points and decided with the Treaty of Versailles which never mentions Turkey or the Ottoman Empire although they were on the Central Powers side causing an actual Genocide. Also if this was not considered Genocide then how did Hitler come up with the Genocide of the Jews. He even stated in one of his journals that he got the idea from the Turks and the Genocide of the Armenians. Also the Young Turks were the rebellion as you so call it. They even planned the killing of the Armenians and even there own people who supported the Armenians. Americans were also the first ones to mention to the world this Genocide was occurring and I know this because my friends great-grandfather was the one who told the whole world first.
The reason they try to convince you, is because of their nationalism, this is not a negative trait, it's just the way they were raised and they are proud of working together with other Armenians to convince the world of their genocide. This is how the Armenian Revolutionary Federation saves its face, otherwise they would have to finally admit after 94 years, that they indeed lost World War I to the Central Power, Ottoman forces. They would have to admit that the Allies really did betray them and left them without reinforcements and all their efforts to sabotage the Ottoman war effort would be gone. The Russian and British promise of a Greater Armenia was broken, they were left with a tiny country and they had no economy and many refugees that were starving in their land-locked nation.
Due to human nature, they had to find someone to blame. They tried to blame the Russians and the rest of the Allies, but it didn't help, no one listened, no one cared. However, when the ARF decided to blame the Ottoman Turks, enemies of the Turks, joined in the blame game, because they all had grudges against the Turks. The British had lost 2 significant battles to the Turks, and they lost the Turkish Independence war, giving the new nation Turkey its own land. The Greeks had lost all of Western Anatolia to the Turks during this war. The French lost all of South-Eastern Anatolia to the Turks. The Russians were creating the Soviet Empire and they were no longer interested in Anatolia, but they too felt betrayed by the Turks who accepted their gifts of weapons but did not convert to communism. Although the Allies had won World War I, in the Turkish independence war, they had lost, and they did not like the Turks.
The Armenian Genocide concept, started after this Turkish independence war. It didn't gain traction until the 1950s and 1960s through widespread propaganda by Armenian communities around the world. This is why the founder of Turkey, Ataturk, has never made any comments about the Armenian Genocide or the accusation of any genocide, because such accusations did not exist when he was alive.
Two Armenians in different times tried to convince me of the genocide. One of them, talked about how his grandmother's husband and children were killed. However, said that she was forced to walk all the way to Syria. As a skeptic, I asked why anyone would kill a family, and then let one of them escape scratch free to Syria, which he could not answer (the reason being, the story was fabricated). When I asked him why then there is no evidence that Talat Pasha, one of the leaders of the Ottoman Empire, had no telegrams ordering genocide, he replied "Why would Talat Pasha leave evidence of his own crimes?"
Another Armenian, tried to convince me by telling me how Talat Pasha wrote a "Black Book" (funny), detailing how he committed the genocide and references "Ottoman documents, not allowed to be seen in the Ottoman Archives today." That was funny because the previous Armenian was telling me Talat Pasha left no evidence of his crime and now he's written a whole black book detailing his crimes, very interesting, very improbable.
When I asked where I can have a copy of this black book, he could not produce it, said that it was sold in various places in different countries. Later, I found out, that he apparently, learned about this black book from some Armenian forum. Again, rumors.
This was similar to the one time where I read a Reader's Digest article hilariously entitled "Why I hate the Turks" -- The Armenian that wrote it, discussed how this very old Armenian described a story of how, he and his family and all of his fellow villagers were trapped in a church, and the "evil Turks" used wood to cover up the windows, and then poured kerosene everywhere and lit the church on fire. He told about how he cried with his family and told them they'd be together again in heaven. Then the story cut off--- huh?? -- How did he escape then? Apparently, that miraculous detail was classified. My suspicion is that he was an ARF member who was the one burning Muslim families in a Mosque, and just twisted the story and made himself the victim, I have no proof, but then again, he doesn't have any proof of his story either.
The writer wrote another story about when this old Armenian man, was only 13, "Turkish and Kurdish marauders" came and attacked his village on horseback. I said "Interesting, never knew Turks and Kurds ever worked together" (because they never did, it was more likely they were all Kurdish, but alas, they always want to put the blame on Turks rather than the real killers). The attackers apparently, killed many villagers, and stabbed the boy with a bayonet and then "stole his clothes" (a grown man stole a child's clothes, very interesting). Wait wait, I missed something, a 13 year old boy was stabbed with a bayonet back in 1915, and somehow survived such a wound in a time where there weren't even any hospitals in most villages? Lies.
This is the problem. We need to apply our logic when listening to these eye-witness stories. Even an American Consul in 1915, once said that "These Orientals, they can't help but exaggerate every story" about the Kurds and Armenians.
These stories to Armenians, are a mission, a nationalistic goal, to convince everyone of a genocide, because they cannot admit the losses they suffered in World War I, were the fault of the ARF, a terrorist organization that sided with the Allies and killed, Armenians, Kurds, and Turks, alike who opposed them.
thank you very much for your web site..
all the things wroten here are true...
Hi there,
you write: "I'm sure many of you, no matter where you are from, have encountered Armenians who try to convince you of the genocide."
I'm a son of Turkish immigrants in Germany, born and raised there. I can assure you, I had no encounters with Armenians, except some Armenians living in Turkey (and they did not try to convince me of such things).
But: everyone else is trying to convince you that the Turks commited genocide, including well-meaning Germans. The Germans had their own dark years from 1933 to 1945. Their present practice of "having to deal" with those years is very unique and difficult to understand from a foreign perspective, and it is psychologically and sociologically more consequently enforced upon German society than, say, the Original Sin concept in catholic church. Mass Media, Politics etc, have to watch trice their steps in order not get in serious trouble of being "anti-semitic". This unseen pressure and some double-thinking elements produce/feed groups of people who either deny the holocaust or groups of people who proclaim that the Turks are "the next" (sometimes the same people switch between these two positions, depending on their emotional state and whom they talk to, or what the specific subject was).
But I don't want to write about neo-nazis for now (there are even "neue neo-nazis"). I just want to shed light on the reason why most of the politically active Germans are unable to look at the Armenian Debate from a different light. They almost blindly and automatically conclude, that this must have to do with denial. And any word leaving your mouth in defense of Turkish history is interpreted so far away from what you are trying to say, that any rational discussion is like dreaming of Utopia. For example, if you should use the word "Relocation"... you will be stopped in middle of your sentence, since every German knows what "relocation" meant to the Jews in Nazi Germany. And then the rest of the time will wasted to emotional bla bla or how cruel I am, since I speak about "relocation" as if it had been something like going to a picnic with friends (huh?).
By the way, that certain past of Germany which is from another perspective also the past of France, explains very well, why "denying Armenian Genocide" will get you in prison in one European country (not in Germany, yet). It is always looked through the filters of the holocaust. "Meinungsfreiheit" (freedom of opinion/speech) is not going to be allowed to be abused along these lines.
can u explain me only this 3 main questions please :
1- why dont armenian government open their historical documents about so called armenia genocide ???
2- what do you thing abaout ASALA ( The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ) and do you know ASALA was listed as a terrorist organization by the United States in 1980s AND According to the MIPT website, there had been 84 incidents involving ASALA leaving 46 dead and 299 injured, including the following
3- what do you thing abaout The Khojaly Massacre / hocali katliyami do you know there was the killing of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly on 25 February 1992 also The Khojaly Massacre was described by Human Rights Watch as "the largest massacre to date in the conflict" over Nagorno-Karabakh
if you explain this 3 questions we can easly talk about so called armenia genocise
Thank you mate.The "number" also dramatically increased up to 1.5 million.
I am totally agree with your comments. They only want to make the others a fan of Armenian genocide no matter it is true or not. If you accept it you are a friend, if not you are not. How they can assert all these? Has they a large historical archieve which we don't know. How many of them have searched the archives of Ottoman State? From where can you find about Armenians other than the archieves of Ottoman State, a state having a history about 600 years.
i was born in 1988 in Azerbaijan. when i grow up i didnt see any armenins. besides half armenian people (mother armeni, father other nation). i can say only 1 thing. my grandparents are refugees. they lived at the Goyche Lake (sevan). but in 1988 armeninans banished azeris from their own houses. but it wasnt enough for them. they began war to us on 18.02.1992 they attack to Khojavend (Xocavend) and attack finished on 25.10.1993 occupation Zengilan region. 1 billion people are refugee, more than 1 00 thousand people have been killed and lost. kids, women, old people.........
now tell me who made GENOCIDE ?
One of the comments above, mentions the fact that whatever I write may not matter because of what neo-nazis did with the Holocaust. Even though the Holocaust has been proven time and time again to be the most accurate example of genocide, there have been some neo-nazis and revisionists who continue to deny the Holocaust ever happened.
As a result of this neo-nazi persistence to distort history and deny the Holocaust. Any moment someone claims a genocide, if someone denies it and says "What are you talking about? Where's your proof?" They are automatically labeled as "deniers", "liars", or "revisionists" --without even considering or researching the possibility that perhaps there really is a huge lack of evidence when Armenians claim genocide.
Anyone who tries to defend the Turks because of supporting evidence, they are immediately attacked for trying to distort history, when the Turks really hadn't planned genocide.
History is an on-going research. History is written by the victors at first, but new research and new evidence can always change history. Therefore, people need to understand that what we know today may change tomorrow. While in some cases like the Holocaust, history may not change; in others like the Armenian Genocide argument, it will change because of the lack of evidence for the argument.
Important Note: I am publishing many comments, but some comments made by those who disagree with this article (as it is an opinion piece), have expressed it in vulgar and distasteful form (with foul language); those comments will not be published. Sorry.
PS (Sorry for the wait on publishing some comments, I wasn't checking approval queues too often; thank you for your patience).
Just because one genocide is real doesn't automatically make every other genocide real.
If we let Armenians call the war (where Armenians sided with the Russians) and rebellion (where Armenians attacked the empire they live in) in 1915 a genocide, then we might as well call every war a genocide because civilians die in many wars from various disease, bandits, collateral damage, starvation, exhaustion, etc.
@Andrankik, so you're saying that, Hitler wouldn't have come up with the genocide of the Jews if he didn't know the extensive history of the Ottoman Empire back in those days? Do you know how ridiculous that sounds???
Hitler came up with the genocide of the Jews because he hated them and wanted to get rid of them and he had been saying this since the beginning of his rise to fame before he was elected.
Hitler has NEVER said anything about the Turks and the Armenians. There is no such quote. It doesn't exist, it was spread as propaganda by ARF and other Armenians; and many Armenians continue to repeat it even when Armenian historians have admitted it doesn't exist. Armenians who believe in the genocide but know their history, keep saying you're doing damage to their "Armenian Genocide cause" by using these false quotes.
There has also never been any plans of genocide by the Young Turks (CUP). There has never been such evidence. If there were, there wouldn't be a debate, why would Turkey defend the old Ottoman Empire if there is proof of the genocide. They defend the Ottoman Empire because they first had access to the Ottoman Empire and Turkish historians found no evidence of these claims when they were first made.
Then the Turkish government opened the archives to the public only in the last 20 years, so only now do many non-Turkish historians access the millions of archives. This is why there has been a debate, because even in other countries, archives have been difficult to access and many historians back in the 60s believed Armenian horror stories of massacres by local bandits as somehow connected to the government, and never bothered to ask the Turks about what happened. You have to hear both sides to a story to fully understand it AND all the evidence involved.
What made you write about this subject? Who gives you the right to write about the Armenian Genocide?
Yourself, being an American, who also sees as you mentioned "everything as being black and white", you'd never understand what the Armenian people suffered for six centuries under the turks (mongols from the far east who conquered the Armenian, who lived in Armenia for 3000 years). You only show part of the story in your blog. You don't mention the fact that the Armenians were heavily taxed by the turks and Kurds on their own lands. You don't mention that turks used to come in and take whatever they wanted from they wanted from the villagers, be it livestock, harvest, women etc... You didn't mention the rape and killings and pogroms even before 1915. You didn't mention the fact that the turks disarmed the whole Armenian population in preparation of the Genocide. Please do some more research and search your soul. You have been a comfortable American all of your life. You probably watch CNN and are easily influenced by what you see and hear and you believe that what is certainly biased, is true.
Wouldn't you resist this evil repression and maybe side with a greater power such as the Russians in order to take back your homeland? President Wilson promised an Armenian homeland but this was disregarded by the powerful nations of that time. Wouldn't you be sick after six centuries? Thus, do you think that it was a difficult decision by the bloodthirsty turks to decide and exterminate these "troublesome" Armenians once and for all?
Ask yourself these question first before you see things as white or black.
@ara sarafian,
I write about this subject because I'm a historian, I've studied the history of the region. I think people have a right to know the truth about Turkey, Armenia, and their people. Instead of fighting each other, Armenians and Turks need to get along, like they do in Turkey. Being a person of knowledge, I have a right to spread the knowledge that people want to learn about.
I don't see everything as being black and white, where'd you get that impression? You're the one talking about Evil Turks and Angel Armenians, seems pretty black and white to me.
Why do you care about the land people whom you've never met lost 3000 years ago? Have you even met them? Considering we are all pretty much genetically equal, why do you persist on territorial claims like as if you live in the stone age?
Why do you call the Turks, "Mongols"? The Mongols destroyed many cities of the Turks and Ottomans, and killed them all. They are not the same people. The Turks may have come from the East, but all humans came from Africa; or do you not believe in evolution either?
If we had it your way, the United States and Australians would have to go back to England, and the English would have to go back to Northern Germany from whence they came.
The things you mentioned have no basis in reality, except that it is true that all Christians were taxed because it was an Islamic Empire promoting Islam (unlike other Islamic empires that killed you if you did not convert).
Why do you fail to mention that every time Russians invaded even before the 1900s, all the way back in the 1700s, the Armenians helped them.
In one incident, a siege by the Russians was successful because Armenians on the inside told the Russians where Turkish water supplies are hidden. So the Armenians and Turks have been fighting each other for centuries in the lawless area where they lived.
What about Turkish villages that were raided by Armenians and their resources stolen for the good of Armenian bandits and revolutionary groups?
There was no reason for the Ottoman Empire to exterminate the Armenians. Many Armenians were in the Ottoman army, but thousands of them deserted the army to join the ARF (Armenian Revolutionary Federation), they took the Ottoman guns with them. Why would the Ottoman army, fighting World War I and LOSING on 3 different war fronts, spend time, money, and effort to kill Armenians when it needs more recruits to kill the Allies?
Think carefully about this.
Hello,
First of all thanks for your efforts to tell the truth.
I am studying history myself in the University of Vienna and I'm searching for documents about this issue. Where can I find these documents?
It's very hard to find reputable archival documents and avoid fake ones.
Can you post it here? Thanks dude!
I recommend you look at our Archives page for sourced documents. Also check Books and Research for books about this subject, many of them have sources.
In addition, read books by Armenian authors. Some Armenian historians like Ara Sarafian have some great documentation in the US archives. The problem is, he keeps drawing incorrect conclusions or perhaps is pressured by the ARF to accept their version of history.
Jonathan Wilson, thank you. It feels relieving to see that people with knowledge, reason and objectivity still exist.
However, nationalist stupidity among Turkish people is as popular as it is among the Armenian. It is sometimes very hard to fight against this without frustration, I know because I am a Turk. You are showing great patience here. Thanks again.
lol "avoid fake ones". Brother, use your logic. It's hard for you to find "your reputable" documents because they aren't any. Think about it pal, you think it's logical for most books and documents thatl talk about the Genocide to be fake and the very dew documents you look for and this alleged "historian" draws on are real? How many Armenians in the world? They are a small population. You think they have the power to influence all these Western netions to admit there was a genocide? Read Morgenthau's letters, Arnold J. Toynbee's letters, German eye-witness accounts the British, the French, they all knew what was going on. It was even recorded in the New York Times Of course you will all deny this as "fakes". You think the Armenians living in the Ottoman empire had the power and numbers to actually take over? Lol gimme a break. If they resisted the Turks, it's because they were fed up of being massacred and treated as second-rate citizens in their ancestral homes. There are many blacks whoe were reasonably well treated by their white masters. You think they were happy? They were still slaves brother.
You want to know why many Westers counties accept the Genocide that the Turks committed? It's because that's Wester philosophy. You accept your past to move on to your future. The acceptance of resposibility. The fact of the matter is that most historians accept that the Genocide happened. Yet somehow, the majority is 'false". Why would the Turkish government imprison those who talk about the Genocide? Don't they believe in freedom and democracy? Or are they trying to sweep the heinous act under the rug? Use your logic man.
@"Hulk Hogan", There are thousands of reputable documents and archives that clearly prove there was no genocidal intention. I've only shown you the tip of the iceberg. There are many books that counter the genocide argument. There are indeed more books that confirm the Armenian genocide, but most of them are written by Armenians or descendants of Armenians, and the rest write them because Armenians will buy anything Armenian Genocide related--they become rich very fast. The Armenian population in Western nations is extremely high and many of them are quite interested in the history because of the amount of stories they are told by their parents.
Morganthau's letters or Toynbee's letters, are not evidence. These are mere opinions of people with questionable motivations. Both of them wanted war with the Central Powers, to consult them on genocide would be like a doctor asking advice from an executioner.
There are plenty of eye-witness accounts that show Armenian massacres without provocation. eye-witness of massacres can never prove a genocide, neither an Armenian Genocide nor a Turkish Genocide.
The Armenian resistance started in the 1880s, well before any killings of any Armenians. It started because enemies of the Ottoman Empire wanted to encourage rebellion and instilled nationalistic ideas in Armenians to take back their homeland. Before that, Armenians and Turks lived peacefully together for centuries.
Most historians don't accept the genocide, just because you make this claim doesn't make it true. The only true historians I know that accept the Armenian Genocide, are Armenian themselves. If there are a lot of Armenian historians, that doesn't prove anything, because there are tons of Turkish historians who would disagree. It's safe to assume, that both Turkish and Armenian historians are biased.
However, if we look at non-Turkish and non-Armenian historians, most agree there was no genocide.
The Turkish government has never imprisoned anyone for talking about the genocide. There have been nationalists who tried to use Article 301 to bring charges against certain individuals, but they have always failed.
And I find your hulk hogan impression quite funny too, brother.
azeri genocide in quba city of azerbaijan in 1918
armenian killed jewish and muslimz of azerbaijan
why russia and usa silence?
www.khojali.tk
armenian is game box for russia and usa
Anonymous said "The Armenian Genocide was very real and that is why today you hardly hear of it." I am sorry, but it is just the opposite. We hear a lot about it! but if you analyze the evidences, it does not seem to be a real genocide. And then, to compare with the Holocauste is an insult to the intelligence of people. Jews where killed, but they did not attacked Germany with an organized army, they did not kill even one christian, there was not a war between jews and germans. You are insulting the memory of the jews who died in the Holocaust, and also the memory of the armenian and turks who died in the war.
So, what you're saying is that the genocide did not occur because the Turk did not have the intention of eliminating the Armenian people? Or, are you denying that violence was done to the Armenian by Turks? Oooor, are you saying that violence was done, but not enough to be considered a genocide?
Im glad I found this site, its good to see people interested in a debate about a period and region of the world that frankly few people are knowledgable about.
From what I can tell, the Armenian genocide debate is fueled by anti-turkish sentiment which has existed for centuries (particualrly in Europe) and by a latent desire for western peoples to feel superior over the eastern-leaning Turks. But thats just my hypothesis.
The facts are that the sources that are most cited to support the genocide version of events are ones written without consultation from the Ottoman archives. Indeed, there are no primary documents from the Turks that call for extermination of the Armenians. Also, most accounts of events fail to mention the context in which things were unfolding. The Ottoman Empire was collapsing in on all sides and many muslims had been killed by Armenian resistance units.
In short I think it is shameful for people to atrempt to leverage tragic historical events into politcal power and influence, which is what propenents of the "genocide" are doing.
In general, the Ottoman Empire had displayed centuries of progressive tolerance when it came to ethnic and religious minorities, in stark contrast to nations in Europe and the United States (did not the settling of the west and manifest destiny include genocide of native americans?) There is a saying in Turkey something to the effect of "every visitor is a gift from god." I would say most countires need to come to peace with their own past before passing judgements on how the Turks treated people that lived in their empire.
@College Student,
This is the definition of genocide as adopted by the UN General Assembly:
"Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group"
There was no intent to destroy a group labeled as the Armenians by any such group in the Ottoman Empire. There were Kurds who wanted Armenians out of their land. There were Kurds who wanted to work with the Armenians. There were Kurds who wanted tribute from local Armenians. Either way, there were Armenians that were killed by Kurds.
There were Ottoman Turks who wanted Armenians as part of their army, their government. In fact, Armenians were in high ranking positions within the Ottoman government (such a thing would never have happened with the Jews in Nazi Germany). There were Ottoman Turks who felt, as a Muslim, you must protect other 'people of the book', and respected Armenians as fellow countrymen. There were Turks who felt that they were betrayed by the Armenian rebellions and so did want to kill the Armenians.
There were Armenians who wanted to remove Turks from their ancient homelands to create a Greater Armenia--these were the people who joined in masses with the Russian army and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. And yes, there was violence. Sometimes to the point of exterminating whole villages to get Muslims off Christian land.
If genocide can be committed by a single person or small groups, then by the definition of the UN, the Turks, Kurds, and Armenians all committed genocide.
However, if we were to take it that a large collective can perform genocide. Then it seems to show that neither the Turks, Kurds, or Armenians committed genocide--because each group within them had different goals/priorities. To lump them all into the same boat and blame them for crimes is a pipe dream.
This is our perspective. Horrible things happened in World War I, not just to Armenians, but to ALL people all over the world. There was no evidence of a large collective with intent to commit genocide.
Does that make sense?
@A Kevorkian,
I appreciate the maturity and objective way you try to approach this topic, it looks like you are well educated.
As is mentioned in several articles, hundreds of books, there is plenty of evidence showing that the Ottoman Empire spent a lot of money trying to protect Armenian citizens during the relocations (including providing guarded escorts, tools and housing, safeguarding of property, allowing Armenians to return to their old homes after the war), this contradicts the idea that the Ottoman Empire was trying to kill off the Armenians. It shows the intention of the Ottoman Empire was simply the end of the rebellion, and this is understandable of any country in a war while having to deal with rebellion from within.
Does this make logical sense to you? A nation that is in a 3-front war, would not be attempting genocide while losing a war. Nazi Germany started genocidal plans while they were winning their wars on all fronts and it looked like nobody could stop them. On the other hand, the Ottoman Empire was inches away from collapse---why plan a genocide now?
Killings of Armenians happened, by whom? Kurdish tribes looking for tribute or revenge. Muslims seeking revenge or have hatred. However, did Muslims and Kurds also die? Yes, in fact, they too were murdered, it was a chaotic war between all groups. It doesn't constitute genocide. If civilian deaths and death tolls constituted genocide, then every single war in the world would be considered genocide. That isn't the intention of the word genocide. There is also no instances where Ottoman troops are ordered to kill off Armenians--if there were, that would be considered a genocidal war crime (but no such evidence exists).
1.5 million is for sure an exaggeration, they use to say 1 million, until they increased the number some years ago (an appeal to emotion). 600,000 Armenian deaths, is what most mainstream historians say. 300,000-450,000 is what Turkish historians say ( Dr. Yusuf Halacoglu (a Turkish historian), calculates the death toll based on Ottoman population statistics at 428,000 (he agrees there could be more as nothing is 100% accurate, but he says this is the evidence he has found).
Armenians did rebel, there is no debate about this. The debate here is, how significant was the rebellion. I believe it was significant enough to prompt the Ottoman government to relocate many villages from Eastern Anatolia. However, that doesn't mean that rebellion provokes genocide. In fact, the Ottoman Empire especially the CUP government was a liberal party, they stuck to European standards (European standards being, relocation as a solution to all rebellion; instead of the usual killing off the rebels).
There is still no evidence of mass killings of civilians. There is simply evidence of mass deaths of civilians (on all ethnic groups, because everyone was living under the same harsh conditions).
You should be aware that there are plenty of horrific but false stories regarding civilian deaths. It's part of Armenian mythology. If they heard a horror story, they exaggerated it. If they didn't, sometimes they simply used their imagination to make up the worst possible horrific story. Sometimes they even claim they are the victims, when they were the perpetrators. The lesson you have to take is that Turkish villagers who are interviewed who lived in those times, on video, also have similarly horrific stories. No one can verify who was more horrific, we must simply assume, both Armenians and Turks were cruel when they wanted to be.
Jonathan,
You say that a nation that is in "a 3-front war, would not be attempting genocide while losing a war". I presume you're saying this because it would take away troops from the front line/producing weapons etc. for the war, would be economically taxing and timeconsuming (feel free to connect me if im wrong) and slim their chances for victory. You also say that the relocation was mainly due to rebellion from ARF members.
However, Id like to point out first of all, that relocating as many Armenians as were relocated (as both you and I acknowledge) at the time would also require time, money and humanitarian effort. You say yourself that during the relocation, Armenian were "provid[ed] guarded escorts, tools and housing, safeguarding of property, allowing Armenians to return to their old homes after the war". Though I disagree with this, let's say for the sake of this point that this was how mass Armenian deportations were carried out. Even if Turkey adopted a policy of relocation instead of extermination, it would still be just as unwise as expending resources to deport as to kill the rebelling Armenians (in fact, deporting, unlike killing Armenians would have only delayed rebellion- if, as you say, Armenians were being allowed to return to their old homes after the war, then underlying tension is still there because the Armenians are still there).
Furthermore, you say that deportations were a method employed to stop rebellion, and no actual deaths were specifically intended to occur and manifest as genocide as retaliation against Armenian rebellion, of which the RAF were prominent leaders.
[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_notables_deported_from_Constantinople_ in_1915[/url] shows a list of deported Armenians in April 24, 1915. Most of them were not part of the RAF but were teachers, merchants etc. So may I ask why were they deported- and also many killed(though some were not directly killed on orders from the government)?
Also, if Armenians were meant to simply be deported because of rebellion, then how did so many die (if we assume the 600,000 figure to be true , then we should also assume the Armenian population was approx. 1.2 million from what I've read)?
Perhaps the Kurds killed some and there may have been some isolated incidences of Muslims seeking revenge, but can it account for the (at least) 600,000 deaths?
The number of people relocated was also disproportionately large in relation to the RAF rebellion.
Finally, there is a lot of evidence showing that the Turks didn't actually safeguard Armenians during the deportation, though I acknowledge the existence of evidence that shows otherwise, as you have claimed.
I personally think that Armenians were massacred in large numbers. The Turks may have simply wanted to deport them because of rebellion, but far more were deported than were actual participants in the rebellion. The high number of deaths (whether 600,000-1,000,000 as I acknowledge that 1,500,000 is grossly inflated) also show that, at the very least, the Turks didn't care for the Armenians during the deportation, and so many Turks massacred Armenians. Whether this was collective intent set out by the government- and therfore genocide under the guise of deportation- or simply a lot of Turkish troops/people being allowed to kill a lot of Armenian civilians who were being deported, is I believe a subject of interpretation.
I don't think there's enough evidence to distinguish between the two, however I feel the second possible scenario would also have constitued genocide.
Let me put it this way. If a lot of Turkish wanted to and were allowed to kill a large number of Armenians, it may not have been collective intent i.e. all acting under one order from the government, as there is as you quite rightfully said, no evidence of such an order, but they all intended the same thing and carried their actions out, whether the collective intent was there or not. The end result was still the same with intent behind it, even if it all wasn't a unified attempt to kill all Armenians. Therefore I believe it was genocide.
Once again, feel free to point out flaws in my argument or flaws in the way I've interpreted your previous response (Im not going to say this again because it's self-explanatory, after all this is an objective site where we discuss this topic intelligently and objectively)
Just one more thing (which I realise is a late, late response)@Ozgur Gundes, you say that Armenians have an inferiority complex? That's insulting and derogatory, and if that it what is taught in Turkey Im really disappointed. Here I am, trying to argue this topic as intelligently and objectively as I can while people out there like you exist. My comfort is that I know there are Turks and Armenians alike who behave completely differently to you and respect the other group.
@Kevorkian,
relocations were costly indeed, the Ottoman empire was going bankrupt keeping up with rations for Armenians as well as its armies. Trying to give tools and temporary housing for Armenians that arrived in Syria was also a huge problem. This is also why a lot of Armenians died, because sometimes there just wasn't enough money for all the Armenians that arrived. (This is also why Armenians are upset and hate the Ottoman government, because they forced a relocation, without having the resources to complete it successfully and safely. As Dr. Bernard Lewis says "[they conducted a relocation, but it was crude because they didn't have the resources to sustain it]".
Armenian scholars equate this to genocide, while other historians contest that it was simply a semi-failed relocation and that the intention of extermination was simply not there.
The Ottoman army did provide escorts, but so few guards were spared due to the war effort. This is why many Armenians died to roaming bandits that robbed whole convoys of Armenians. This is also why many died to Kurdish tribes that easily dealt with the few guards given (sometimes the guards even fled the scene, leaving Armenians to fend for themselves against Kurds).
So, yes, in fact Armenians did suffer greatly (I am not blind to this). However, the problem is, instead of blaming the Armenian rebels for causing the rebellion, that prompted the relocation response, or the Kurdish tribes or bandits that did the killings, the Armenians blame the Ottoman government, since it was their territory, even though they had no control of this lawless land.
-----------------------
The link you showed: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_notables_deported_from_Constantino...
Shows clearly that a large majority were ARF (dashnak) and Hunchak rebellions. This article proves that there was a massive Armenian rebellion. Were there those that were also teachers as well as rebels? Of course. Were there those that were merchants as well as rebels? Of course. In any rebellion, there are day jobs and there are night jobs. To make matters worse, identifying someone as a member of a rebel group is as hard as identifying members of a terrorist cell.
So you see, your link shows that so many WERE in fact, identified later as Dashnak and Hunchak, as the Ottoman authorities suspected. Were there innocent among them? Perhaps, but they were all given trials. And the article mentions those trials too. ---- Read the notes on the right, some of them were only executed a year after they were caught, if it was genocide, why not execute them on the spot? Why have a trial? Why deport if you can just kill them behind an alley?
These are questions you should ask yourself.
Quite a lot of them actually SURVIVED: "Permitted to return to the capital soon after 11 May 1915." -- Why or how would he return to the capital of the Ottoman Empire? The Ottoman government authorized this? What??? Doesn't that mean the Ottoman government was not trying to kill him off for being Armenian ?
THAT statement alone disproves the whole notion that the Ottoman government conspired genocide. A government conspiring genocide wouldn't treat the victims in such a way. You never read in a history book "The Nazi government allowed that Jewish scientist to return to Berlin and continue his work." This wouldn't happen!
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600,000 deaths is very realistic. This was after all a World War. Read this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I
Ottoman soldiers:
Killed in action 243,598
Missing in action 61,487
Perished from diseases and epidemics 466,759 <--- unbelievable number.
Seriously wounded (permanent loss) 303,150
5,000,000 <---- dead from all civilian and military of the Ottoman Empire.
More people died to disease and famine than the actual war itself. We must not forget, they didn't have much medicine back then. If your wound was infected or you were cut, there isn't bandages or hospitals around.
To top it off, a lot of Armenians migrated. And sometimes people confuse deaths with migration. What many historians find is hundreds of thousands of Armenians simply emigrated to other nations.
-------------------------------
And again--- the Ottoman Empire didn't relocate what they thought was ARF/Hunchak, that would be an impossible task, you can't know how many ARF/Hunchak are in the Armenian populace. This is why, as was the standard at the time, they relocated large chunks of Armenian populations where Armenian rebel incidents were most frequent. They didn't relocate the ones in Western Turkey, only those that were suspected were relocated in many areas. However, in the worst areas, all of them were relocated, because they can't tell who's ARF and who's not.
That's where we will disagree Kevorkian, the collective intent does not equate genocide, because you can't know how many of the collective were intent and how many were not. Only a government or organization that specifically encourages genocide can be charged with genocide as a crime. Only armies whose soldiers actively engaged in massacres, can be brought up on war crime charges.
Otherwise, you'd be blaming a whole people for the actions of a few. If you do that, you are opening pandora's box. That means, because there was a large amount of Armenians who wanted to exterminate Turks, then you are saying we should blame Armenians for a Turkish genocide--- is that what you want? There were many that wanted to do just that when they wiped off village by village.
@A Kevorkian, I deleted Ozgur's offensive remark. I didn't notice what he said before. I try my best to delete all offensive comments by both Turks and Armenians (and trust me, both are equally capable of offensive comments).
Thank you Jonathan. After seeing those ridiculous billboards in LA, your words as an American citizen have made me happy. It's good to know that there are some American people who make researches and try to figure out what is real, instead of just watching Armenians' funny documentaries and believing them without asking a single question.
Before I say anything else, I do agree and both Armenians and Turks are capable of offensive comments just like both are equally able to respect the other group as I said in my previous post.
Thank you for removing Ozgur's post we don't need people like him whether Armenian, Turkish, American or from wherever "contributing" in such a way to a site such as this.
I don't blame all of the Turks, merely the Turk soldiers/civilians who, as you say "actively engaged in massacres".
We both agree that the Turks (not all of course) were, whether indirectly or directly, responsible for a huge number of Armenian deaths- whether it was meant as genocide or as a solution to the rebellion. Obviously the rebellion was an issue, I don't deny that and deportation would've been a suitable solution.
However, they also effectively punished large chunks of the Armeniain population for the crimes of a (relatively speaking) few- members of the rebellion. They conduced a deportation which they could not effectively go ahead with as you said yourself. I'd think that either the people who decided to go ahead with the deportation were very short-sighted (i.e. foolish into going ahead with the deportation) or that they didn't care for the fact that they didn't have the resources to supply the Armenians with what they needed e.g. temporary shelter and so effectively let huge numbers of Armenians die.
Hence the idea of a genocide/massacre under the guise of deportation.
Furthermore, why did so many Armenians emigrate if there was no threat from the government? If the deportation being carried out was merely a deportation and nothing more then there'd be no reason for them to emigrate. The fact that they also happened to emigrate in such numbers roughly during the time span of the genocide also proves suspicious. I do agree, however, that Armenians have confused the number of Armenians who emigrated with the number of Armenians killed (and perhaps intentionally by some people).
Just as a side point, though I do believe in the genocide I do also realise that the evidence is far from conclusive yet. I do hope that more pieces of the puzzle will be uncovered soon.
I blame anyone who has been involved in massacre, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality.
As a historian I read about various wars and the destruction to life and property in all of them, this is why I write about the Armenian rebellion, because while the Armenian story in tragic in 1915, it's no different than hundreds of other wars in human history, and yet it is being politicized and publicized in a manner that is unfair to the Turks.
@A Kevorkian, thank you for continuing the discussion in a civilized manner.
Yes, as with all major rebellions, the Armenian rebellion was large, but you're right, it's not the whole population. But most Armenian teenagers and men of fighting-age were usually pressured by their peers or the rebels themselves to fight in the war effort. Many of them believed in what they were fighting for. Some Armenians did not believe in the fight against the Ottomans, but did so, in order to fit in with this new Armenian society. The rebels weren't exactly a volunteer organization, many Armenians were pressured to join, it was duty for country, much like a gang in a bad neighborhood.
Sure, a large portion of Armenian population was relocated, and in a sense, punished for supporting rebellion in the East. But we must not forget that, genocide is the intent to kill for the purpose of extermination. Yet many Armenians in Western Turkey were exempt. Armenians helping the Ottoman government were exempt. Armenians who were Protestant or Catholic were exempt because European diplomats wrote letters to Interior Minister, Talat Pasha, and he agreed that it wouldn't diminish the relocations ultimate goal of ending the rebellion.
This relocation of Armenians, was nothing out of the ordinary for any European nation at the time dealing with rebellion and war. This relocation, is the reason why the genocide thesis is argued in the first place. If there was no relocation, the Armenians would have no case for genocide. Regardless, this was a standard of Europe. And as some Armenian scholars agreed, the German commanders that were aiding the Ottoman efforts most likely had the same solution for the Ottoman leaders and it's possible that they suggested the idea of relocating in the first place.
Yes, you're right, Talat Pasha etc, are all short-sighted, they overestimated their resources to relocate Armenians. They thought they could handle it without problems. Instead many fell victim to raids by bandits, Kurdish tribes, disease, and starvation. However, even the Ottoman army was starving and dying. However, they did spend resources to protect Armenians which means it simply was NOT genocide.
Armenians emigrated because of many reasons. If the Turks could emigrate somewhere, they would have, but many of them knew no other language other than Turkish. Turks immigrated from the Balkans, the Middle East, the Caucus, all toward central Turkey because of the onslaught of enemy war fronts.
Armenians emigrated because they could afford to. Many of them took what they had and decided "well if I am being forced to move Syria, why shouldn't I just hop on this ship and go to America, Russia, or France?" Doesn't this make more sense?
Many Armenians knew Russian, so they naturally fled to Russia where there were many Armenian communities already. Many had European education and knew English or French because of missionaries and diplomats in the area who interacted with the Armenian community. Of course they left to a better place, a land of opportunity-----there is nothing for them in Syria.
The Ottoman Empire was quite happy to see them emigrate. That means less daily salaries and less rations they have to pay for, for those that were relocated.
Allied ships landed in Cilicia, mostly French ships, and when the French were leaving the commanders allowed Armenians to board the ships and come to France.
If Armenians had all died, there wouldn't be such a large Armenian diaspora unless they reproduced faster than any other ethnicity! Many survived and have lived for generations in rich developed nations. Those Armenians were the luckiest of all.
Lastly, there is one other reason why they emigrated. What do you think the Dashnaks and Hunchaks did when relocation orders were dispersed among Armenian populations? They spread their own orders and propaganda, telling all the Armenians to leave, run, and escape, because they did not trust the Ottoman government. They told people to not go to the camps the Ottomans provided. They told people to not go to Syria, because they would be killed in some imaginary desert. Of course, Armenians listened, and they fled to Russia or to Allied ships.
Do you really think Hunchak and Dushnak members would sheepishly go along with Ottoman plans of relocations? Of course not, they stayed and fought. They ran away or hid in the countryside. And they began to create propaganda, that the Ottomans were killing Armenians for no reason---why??? ---- because they hoped diplomats and missionaries who heard these horror stories would send Allied armies (and yes, they did send Allied armies to help Armenians).
Armenians claim, that they have long history, but, actually they almost always were under other states. Persia, Roman Empire, Greek Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russia. To be continued in future... Sometimes they were loyal, but many times they organized rebellations. They did this in Persia, in Roman Empire, in Greek Empire, and these rebellations always were severally suppressed. (may be, this is reason, why they say about endless suffering of them). And, rebellation and civil war in 1915 was continuing of their policies.
But, i'm afraid, this is not end. Who is the next? Sometimes i think, that they one day it will in my country. Now they look like "loyal", but remebmer: until 19 century in Turkey they were called "loyal people"... Now there are many Armenian immigrants in our cities. In Sochi they are 20% of population of city, and their number still growing. How many of them will be here in 10 years? In 40 years?
Hi, it's a turkish student in France.
there is no question to debate, according to Turkish history, there is nothing of genocide, certe of death, massacre, but not genocidal. According to the Armenian genocide there. In this situation, the party claimed the Turkish establishment of a commission to the Armenian party, their own offers, but this is denied. The Turkish part of the explanation request, because under it there is no evidence and logically she asks. In this case, if the purpose of and to recognize Armenian genocide to the Turks, they complain that Turkey does not recognize the genocide, refusing to explain why, show them? Why try to make false evidence during the years? We must accept the fact that debattre want nothing at all. Just as Jem ette comment on a site armaments, where I expose my argument, it is clear. Why does he explain that I am wrong? I've asked them and they answered me that any argument denial was refused because it is against the law or will in the future
Yusuf Halacolu: "Why not we do not undertake joint research to establish the truth by adopting a rigorous scientific methodology accepted by all? Why are they against?".
ps; sorry for the faults, i'm bad in english it's a traduction ;)
They just have no evidence (letter, note of command to exterminate the Armenians, for example) and the worries that many ... but does not prevent them to accept the genocide in several countries including Uruguay's first ... most member countries of the European Union at the beginning of the negotiation of entry with Turkey ...
I have a question for you, why other countries instead of proposing to Armenians to accept a commission with Turkey they so easily accept the genocide in their parliament?
@ Jonathan,
The Turks at the time did make many Armenians suffer as explained.
But I can now see that there is not sufficient evidence for the intent of genocide against the Armenians, and so I no longer support the notion of an Armenian Genocide.
Thank you Jonathan for helping me realise just what evidence there is both for and against the idea of the Armenian gencoide out there.
I will, however, say that I can never be completely against the idea of the Armenian Genocide, as I see what further evidence is uncovered and look at more of the archives for myself. This may well be because I'm an Armenian and have been taught to believe in the genocide, and despite all the reading I've done on the subject to rationally and objectively think about it there is still a part of me that wants to believe in the genocide.
Just a side point @ Ozank K, we all like a reasoned discussion, but there is no need to call the Armenian billboards 'ridiculous' nor label Armenian documentaries as 'funny'. Though they may well be biased (and most likely are) they are still based on fact. Armenians of this generation have most likely been taught to believe in the genocide, so their billboards depict what they truly believe in rather than propoganda. Armenians histories come to their biased conclusions precisely because this belief, passed on from generation to generation of Armenians, makes them look at evidence in a biased fashion. Even Armenians like me, who are able to agree that there is insufficient evidence of the genocide will look at evidence with a slight bias at the very least because of this belief.
And besides, have not people and governments from all countires engaged in propoganda, or persuaded others to believe in what at best was a half-truth (which is sort of what the Armenian genocide is) and at worst a pack of lies?
As I believe The Armenian Diaspora likes to make propaganda for the case whcih occured at The First Wold War.
Bu unfortunately The Turkish people in Eastern Anatolia were killed, burned at the mosques and at their homes while living their daily life, no one wants to remember the big disaster.
I am always asking why the armenians do not want to open the archiews. Why they dont want to discus the problem. They dont want, because if tehey do, The Turkish side will open the archievs of the Eastern Anatolia.
No one has the right to colse the facts.
The Armenians always close the facts. So the people whcih did not live at that days, how can they decide that the Turks killed the Armenians as is said they used genocide to the Armenians?
I want also to ask the parlamenterians, how can they decide for the case that they did not see or live?
No one has the right to close their eyes to the recent Karaba? Problem. And how many people were killed at the Karaba? war? How many refugees are living at the tents?
No one must not forget that, the Turish people want to be friend with the whole people of the world. SO no one has the right to stop this movement.
Thak you.
Salih Mehmet Ersoy
Newspaper Columnist/ www.volkangazetesi.net
23 May 2010
@Kevorkian, I understand you cannot be against what you were raised with. It's the most difficult thing anyone can do. However, opposing viewpoints is never a bad thing. You have kept an open mind, and you're more educated than most people on this subject (most commentators do not go into such detail).
Indeed, we cannot throw the idea of genocide away, if one day, evidence was somehow uncovered, then we would change your viewpoint. I have been back and forth a lot with this genocide issue. However, of all the genocides I studied, this is the one that lacked most evidence, but I didn't dismiss the idea, because it's a lot older than most other reported genocides. There have been many genocides or events which could be called genocide in the past.
One must understand completely, what genocide means, what damage such an accusation can cause if unfounded, and what damage can be caused by not acknowledging evidence of or against genocide. There have been many destructive wars in the past, including some with many civilian casualties, it's important to make the distinction between genocide, civil war, ethnic wars, religious wars, and national wars.
Motivations are important, actions are important, and so is archival evidence.
There is no need to get angry or frustrated in these kinds of discussions. It's best to keep an open mind to any possibility. If you're a person who's never felt his own ideology, completely change, you have not had experience.
And as you mention in your last paragraph, every country is guilty of something. Every country has had its share of propaganda or lies. We can only hope that nations use their powers for a positive goal.
As a historian, I must keep an open mind. I must attend lectures or seminars by Armenian historians like Richard Hovannisian or Taner Akcam, even if my current stance is a bit against what they believe. I must view Armenian documentaries as well as Turkish documentaries, no matter what type of information is presented.
I'm glad I was able to help you come to this realization, most people never change their stances on such hot-topic subjects. I've changed my stance many times as well. Even Dr. Bernard Lewis once believed in the Armenian Genocide, but later on, was put on trial for denying it. It's part of being a historian or a student.
Dear Johnathan,
First of all, I would like to thank you for your interest in this subject and the willingness to provide justifications for all of the arguments you have made in your article. While I respectfully disagree with many of the point you are making, I am more interested in asking you this simple question:
As a historian or simply as an educated person, how would you explain the fact that more than twenty countries of the world, including Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and others, and 44 states of U.S. states have OFFICIALLY recognized the Armenian Genocide?
In your article, you characterize the Armenian's so-called "obsession" with our Genocide by using the words, "proud Armenians" and "unproven genocide." Now, as competent and as educated you seem to be, it would be very naive of you to claim/believe that these many countries officially recognized the Armenian Genocide in the absence of factual evidence, and only because the Armenian Diaspora "convinced" them to do so.
Moreover, while I acknowledge the fact that there are many ignorant people in my nations that may argue about the Armenian Genocide without having any actual knowledge about this topic, I find it quite interesting that you chose to address/ridicule only such unintellectual remarks and never once addressed the many of the very credible counter- arguments that have been made by historians like you in regards to this topic. Unfortunately, this makes your argument one-sided and not quite convincing.
As a scholar myself, I want to once again thank you for your time/efforts/patience and I wish you best of luck in your career. I respect people who have different opinions than mine much more than people who have no opinions at all.
Thank you,
Arevik Stepanyan
@Arevik Stepanyan
This particular article was intended to discuss a few particular personal anecdotal encounters with average Armenians and the brief history of why this subject is so important to Armenians. It's not meant as a counter to what Armenian scholars say and it's not even meant as a comprehensive historical essay.
Thus, it's not meant as a straw man argument, where I take two unsophisticated Armenians and destroy their arguments for the purpose of disproving genocide. It's meant to address concerns and arguments that many regular Armenians continue to have. The argument I make here, is a perspective, that of my own experience in debating non-scholar Armenians.
Official recognition works in many countries by lobbying. When an activist group or voting bloc lobbies a particular issue or for recognition of a particular issue or event, they gather the attention of parliamentarians or representatives in the government. If they gain enough traction, their size is significant, or their capital is significant, they can quickly gain a voice in the government through their representative. This is why Armenian Genocide is recognized in ~22 countries.
For US representatives, a small group of say 100 activists that can gather the attention of a US representatives, and through multiple scheduled meetings with the representative they can easily convince the representative to vote a certain way. Now imagine that on a larger scale with the power of Armenian organizations and the unity of the Armenian people, it's no surprise that so many nations and US states recognize the genocide.
The Armenian lobby is one of the most powerful in the US, consists of several groups and political action committees whose sole purpose is to raise money for genocide awareness and more financial aid for Armenia. (The financial aid for Armenia is also another reason for the recognition of genocide as it provides sympathy and reason for aid as Armenians can claim how hard they fought for the Americans during World War I)
The Turkish lobby exists as well, although it's relatively new, Turkish organizations are trying to make a difference too to present their own views. However, it is not as powerful as the Armenian lobby.
This is how democracy works. Multiple ethnic groups trying to impose their views and beliefs onto the majority through legislators.
You don't need evidence to convince senators or representatives, they only care about votes and getting re-elected, and they care about the well-being of the nation. Introducing Armenian Genocide recognition, to many of them, make no difference to US interests, therefore, any chance at convincing more Armenians to vote for them, is a wonderful opportunity.
The many "evidence" introduced by Armenians to legislators, usually include books by writers like Peter Balakian. Sometimes opinion is introduced, as some sort of hard evidence, like that of Henry Morganthau's opinions of the Ottomans and what they might be doing in the Ottoman Empire (based on usually inaccurate and prejudiced reports by missionaries and consuls [some of which opposed his own opinions]). These are not evidence, but is claimed as evidence.
So yes, you can convince governments around the world of something without evidence, if that something does not really make a difference in that government's affairs/decisions/actions/people/nation. And Armenian Genocide, accepted or rejected, makes no difference in the lives of the French people or French government, or the US people or US government. It only affects Turks and Armenians.
It's what politicians call "a non-issue issue" that is simply used to gather votes and capital.
Dear Johnathan,
I am also very interested in your arguments and I am more interested in the reason why do you so strongly believe that Armenian Genocide did not happen.
I am a proud Armenian, and i believe that every person has a right to be proud of her/his origins and try to benefit his/her country in every possible way. I suppose you are a proud American. It does not mean however that you would support your government on every possible action, just because you are proud to be American.
It is possible that there are many Armenians that are not well educated about this issue, and i would suggest that you get acquainted with those who are.
If you are very strongly inclined to believe that Armenian Genocide did not take place, and I suppose you are, why would you not want to argue with someone who is well aware of this issue and is not just someone who came to you and tried to convince you.
There are more than 90 articles in New York Times about Armenian genocide that date back to when it was really happening. There are multiple remarks about Armenian Genocide by many politicians and government employers that lived during that area. Yes, many politicians just want to get re-elected, but it would be foolish to assume that humanism has lost its essence nowadays.
Now, I am not an historian, nor I am very well informed about Armenian Genocide. I was fortunate to inform many other Americans about it and let them judge about it.
I have an offer to make, though
Would you agree to argue this issue with a well-educated and informed historian who could demonstrate many facts, inform and educate you about Armenian Genocide.
Good Luck in your Scholar Work
Best
Hayk
"It is possible that there are many Armenians that are not well educated about this issue"
@ Hayk S. above, it's not only possible but the statement applies to many Armenians who've essentially heard only one side of the argument and, more often than not, only parts of it. As an Armenian, it is actually very hard to voice my doubts about the genocide in the Armenian community in the UK- where I live- just like my doubts about Christianity (off-topic I realise but just to give an idea about how the vast majority of Armenians are not allowed to formulate their own opinions about the genocide).
"And Armenian Genocide, accepted or rejected, makes no difference in the lives of the French people or French government, or the US people or US government. It only affects Turks and Armenians.
It's what politicians call "a non-issue issue" that is simply used to gather votes and capital."
@ Jonathan, I would like to point out a couple of things in relation to this particular point of yours. Often it is not "a non-issue issue" as accepting the Armenian Genocide would logically alienate Turks in the same country. It also has many other political consequences. The main reason the USA as an entirety, for example, doesn't accept the genocide is because it would alienate Turkey, who are their allies in the "war against terror" (which I'm also against, but again, off-topic).
You most likely know this already, but nevertheless I'd like to point it out for the benefit of others.
As this thread has clearly evolved from a "discuss[ion of] a few particular personal anecdotal encounters with average Armenians and the brief history of why this subject is so important to Armenians" I would also like to see, like Hayk S., a reasoned discussion between yourself and a proponent of the genocide who is (roughly speaking) equally knowledgeable on the matter though I'd obviously understand If you do not have the time, in that case I would really appreciate a link to a similar discussion.
I have no problems discussing or arguing with another historian who has drawn the opposite conclusion.
Most likely, it would probably boil down to (if the other historian actually knows his history), whether relocating a group of people forcefully due to rebellion under war-time, constitutes genocide, or whether a different term should be more appropriate for this---as well as whether that constitutes guilt on the part of the Ottoman Empire.
As in, was the Ottoman Empire responsible for any deaths that occur during a forced relocation in which the national guard was to protect those citizens? Should the Ottoman Empire be vilified for relocating the Armenian people, even if they did not plan any extermination?
The Ottoman Empire doesn't exist anymore, all their leaders even if responsible for any deaths at all, are dead. No one wants the Ottoman Empire back, or the parties that existed back then. The Ottoman Empire should be criticized for relocating Armenians without properly ensuring that they all would survive. To me, that was the Ottoman Empire's neglect and incompetence. However, in the context of World War One, they had very few choices, and in their situation, most leaders especially during that time would not object to relocations.
To me and most scholars as well as people who studied the law, genocide is the attempted extermination of a group, with the intent of destruction initiated by hatred of that group.
In that regard, the Ottoman Empire wasn't preaching anti-Armenianism. The Ottoman government didn't single out Armenian citizens by identifying them like the Nazis did to the Jews for racist purposes. The Ottomans simply wanted to get rid of the rebellion---it's an Islamic empire, what do you expect? You cannot expect it to act like a modern secular progressive democratic nation that granted all rights to everyone.
In that specific context, coupled with the war. I think there are many worse nations in history. Take for example, the Japanese in World War II, the Soviets during Stalin, the Chinese during Mao, the Spanish during the Inquisition. These were all government sponsored hatred and hostility towards others. In contrast, the Ottoman Empire was the Sick Man of Europe, a poor state losing a war on 3 fronts, and trying to modernize and industrialize itself to become a modern state. It's a failed state.
This is why there is no more Ottoman Empire. We gain nothing by continuing to insist that they committed genocide. Instead, we should be focusing on genocides being committed today. Regimes that still exist today (Myanmar, Sudan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kyrgyzstan, etc) that are perpetrating genocide or tyranny.
Anyway, I'd welcome any historian willing to debate anyone here. But as I said, the bottom line will be the definition of the word genocide and whether the Ottoman CUP's legacy should be treated the same as the Nazi party were. Amongst historians, the debate is simply responsibility and the few fringe historians (non-Ottoman of course) who continue to argue that it's genocide without a doubt.
Gentlemen, everyone here is missing the most important point, genocide is a judicial term , clearly defined by UN with its consequences. Only an authorized court can decide if it was genocide or not. This is how it worked for holocaust.
that is why Turkey officially objects the usage of genocide term, it is not an objection of what happened.
if there could be an accordance on the term, than it could be much more easier both parties sit and talk about it.